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 |  Jennifer Elisseeff is shining light on better ways to repair human tissue-White getting her doctorate in medical engineering from the Harvard University-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Elisseeff designed a liquid polymerthat can keep cartilage cells alive. In patients, the polymer hardens into a hydrogel—a scaffold on which the cells can develop into new tissue. Normally, surgeons have to cut open a patient to insert such a polymer, and shine light on it to induce it to harden. Elisseeff wondered if she could devise a polymer that hardened under minimal light.That way, surgeons could simply inject the compound and shine a light through the skin to trigger solidification, obviating the need for surgery. Her experiments with mice
and rats succeeded. Now, Advanced Tissue Sciences of La Jolla, CA. is investigating the polymer as a way to repair everything from ruined knees to facial damage. Meanwhile, Elisseeff is impregnating hydrogels with stem cells—which can mature into different human cells—to try to create a new form of cartilage replacement."So little is known about stem cells," she says.lt's very exciting."
| | ELISSEEFF | | JENNIFER | | AGE 28 | | MEDICINE | | JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY |
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| | |  So much data, so little bandwidth.That's the mounting problem Caltech professor ofelec-trical engineering Michelle Effros has wrestled with for 10 years. Her innovations in data com-pression over networks are so original that Stanford University electrical engineering vice chair Robert Gray calls them "profound." Her
heady work has almost single-handedly created research interest in algorithms to
optimize transmission of data over busy, noisy networks like the Internet and various wireless infrastructures. At first "it was hard even to get peer reviews of research," she recalls. But Effros persisted."I like working further out. Entrepreneurism is not what excites me—research into new areas does.''Today, however, her algorithms set the standard for academic- and commercial-network compression techniques. And the recreational mountain hiker says with a smile that her once neglected field now teems with breakthroughs."We are really starting to crack the data compression problem," Effros says."Progress is coming much faster now."
| | EFFROS | | MICHELLE | | AGE 33 | | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | | CALTECH |
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Source From: TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
June 2002
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產業智庫 
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